REPORT ON BANKING IN INDIA BY AJAY & JITENDRA

Report on Indian banking industry


Prepared by:- Ajay & jitendra




Interesting facts:-
 History of banking India
 Structure of Indian banking
 Current situation
 Comparison between other countries.
 List of bank of india.









History of banking Indian
Without a sound and effective banking system in India it cannot have a healthy economy. The banking system of India should not only be hassle free but it should be able to meet new challenges posed by the technology and any other external and internal factors. Or the past three decades India's banking system has several outstanding achievements to its credit. The most striking is its extensive reach. It is no longer confined to only metropolitans or cosmopolitans in India. In fact, Indian banking system has reached even to the remote corners of the country. This is one of the main reasons of India's growth process. The government's regular policy for Indian bank since 1969 has paid rich dividends with the nationalization of 14 major private banks of India. Not long ago, an account holder had to wait for hours at the bank counters for getting a draft or for withdrawing his own money. Today, he has a choice. Gone are days when the most efficient bank transferred money from one branch to other in two days. Now it is simple as instant messaging or dials a pizza. Money has become the order of the day.
The first bank in India, though conservative, was established in 1786. From 1786 till today, the journey of Indian Banking System can be segregated into three distinct phases. They are as mentioned below:
• Early phase from 1786 to 1969 of Indian Banks
• Nationalization of Indian Banks and up to 1991 prior to Indian banking sector Reforms.
New phase of Indian Banking System with the advent of Indian Financial & Banking Sector Reforms after 1991
To make this write-up more explanatory, I prefix the scenario as Phase I, Phase II and Phase III.
Phase I

The General Bank of India was set up in the year 1786. Next came Bank of Hindustan and Bengal Bank. The East India Company established Bank of Bengal (1809), Bank of Bombay (1840) and Bank of Madras (1843) as independent units and called it Presidency Banks. These three banks were amalgamated in 1920 and Imperial Bank of India was established which started as private shareholders banks, mostly Europeans shareholders.

In 1865 Allahabad Bank was established and first time exclusively by Indians, Punjab National Bank Ltd. was set up in 1894 with headquarters at Lahore. Between 1906 and 1913, Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank, Indian Bank, and Bank of Mysore were set up. Reserve Bank of India came in 1935.

During the first phase the growth was very slow and banks also experienced periodic failures between 1913 and 1948. There were approximately 1100 banks, mostly small. To streamline the functioning and activities of commercial banks, the Government of India came up with The Banking Companies Act, 1949 which was later changed to Banking Regulation Act 1949 as per amending Act of 1965 (Act No. 23 of 1965). Reserve Bank of India was vested with extensive powers for the supervision of banking in india as the Central Banking Authority.

During those days public has lesser confidence in the banks. As an aftermath deposit mobilisation was slow. Abreast of it the savings bank facility provided by the Postal department was comparatively safer. Moreover, funds were largely given to traders.
Phase II
Government took major steps in this Indian Banking Sector Reform after independence. In 1955, it nationalised Imperial Bank of India with extensive banking facilities on a large scale especially in rural and semi-urban areas. It formed State Bank of India to act as the principal agent of RBI and to handle banking transactions of the Union and State Governments all over the country.

Seven banks forming subsidiary of State Bank of India was nationalised in 1960 on 19th July, 1969, major process of nationalization was carried out. It was the effort of the then Prime Minister of India, Mrs. Indira Gandhi. 14 major commercial banks in the country were nationalised.

Second phase of nationalization Indian Banking Sector Reform was carried out in 1980 with seven more banks. This step brought 80% of the banking segment in India under Government ownership.
The following are the steps taken by the Government of India to Regulate Banking Institutions in the Country:-
• 1949 : Enactment of Banking Regulation Act.
• 1955 : Nationalization of State Bank of India.
• 1959 : Nationalization of SBI subsidiaries.
• 1961 : Insurance cover extended to deposits
• 1969 : Nationalization of 14 major banks.
• 1971 : Creation of credit guarantee corporation.
• 1975 : Creation of regional rural banks.
• 1980 : Nationalization of seven banks with deposits over 200 crore.
After the nationalisation of banks, the branches of the public sector bank India rose to approximately 800% in deposits and advances took a huge jump by 11,000%.

Banking in the sunshine of Government ownership gave the public implicit faith and immense confidence about the sustainability of these institutions.

Phase III
This phase has introduced many more products and facilities in the banking sector in its reforms measure. In 1991, under the chairmanship of M Narasimham, a committee was set up by his name which worked for the liberalisation of banking practices.

The country is flooded with foreign banks and their ATM stations. Efforts are being put to give a satisfactory service to customers. Phone banking and net banking is introduced. The entire system became more convenient and swift. Time is given more importance than money.

The financial system of India has shown a great deal of resilience. It is sheltered from any crisis triggered by any external macroeconomics shock as other East Asian Countries suffered. This is all due to a flexible exchange rate regime, the foreign reserves are high, the capital account is not yet fully convertible, and banks and their customers have limited foreign exchange exposure.


Structure of Indian banking
Banking in India originated in the first decade of 18th century. The first banks were The General Bank of India, which started in 1786, and Bank of Hindustan, both of which are now defunct. The oldest bank in existence in India is the State Bank of India, which originated in the "The Bank of Bengal" in Calcutta in June 1806. This was one of the three presidency banks, the other two being the Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Madras. The presidency banks were established under charters from the British East India Company. They merged in 1925 to form the Imperial Bank of India, which, upon India's independence, became the State Bank of India. For many years the Presidency banks
acted as quasi-central banks, as did their successors. The Reserve Bank of India formally took on the responsibility of regulating the Indian banking sector from 1935. After India's independence in 1947, the Reserve Bank was nationalized and given broader powers.
A couple of decades later, foreign banks such as Credit Lyonnais started their Calcutta operations in the 1850s. At that point of time, Calcutta was the most active trading port, mainly due to the trade of the British Empire, and due to which banking activity took roots there and prospered.
Contents
• 1 Early history
• 2 From World War I to Independence
• 3 Post-independence
• 4 Nationalisation
• 5 Liberalisation
Early history:-
The first fully Indian owned bank was the Allahabad Bank, established in 1865. However, at the end of late-18th century, there were hardly any banks in India in the modern sense of the term. At the time of the American Civil War, a void was created as the supply of cotton to Lancashire stopped from the Americas. Some banks were opened at that time to finance industry, including speculative trading in cotton. With large exposure to speculative ventures, most of the banks opened in India during that period failed. The depositors lost money and lost interest in keeping deposits with banks. Subsequently, banking in India remained the exclusive domain of Europeans for next several decades until the beginning of the 20th century


The bank of Bengal which later become the state bank of india.
At this time, the Indian economy was passing through a relative period of stability. Around five decades have elapsed since the India's First war of Independence, and the social, industrial and other infrastructure have developed. At that time there were very small banks operated by Indians, and most of them were owned and operated by particular communities.
The presidency banks dominated banking in India. There were also some exchange banks and a number of Indian joint stock banks. All these banks operated in different segments of the economy. The exchange banks, mostly owned by Europeans, concentrated on financing foreign trade. Indian joint stock banks were generally under capitalized and lacked the experience and maturity to compete with the presidency and exchange banks. This segmentation let Lord Curzon to observe, "In respect of banking it seems we are behind the times. We are like some old fashioned sailing ship, divided by solid wooden bulkheads into separate and cumbersome compartments."
By the 1900s, the market expanded with the establishment of banks such as Punjab National Bank, in 1895 in Lahore and Bank of India, in 1906, in Mumbai - both of which were founded under private ownership. Punjab National Bank is the first Swadeshi Bank founded by the leaders like Lala Lajpat Rai, Sardar Dyal Singh Majithia. The Swadeshi movement in particular inspired local businessmen and political figures to found banks of and for the Indian community. A number of banks established then have survived to the present such as Bank of India, Corporation Bank, Indian Bank, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank and Central Bank of India.
From World War I to Independence
The period during the First World War (1914-1918) through the end of the Second World War (1939-1945), and two years thereafter until the independence of India were challenging for Indian banking. The years of the First World War were turbulent, and it took its toll with banks simply collapsing despite the Indian economy gaining indirect boost due to war-related economic activities. At least 94 banks in India failed between 1913 and 1918 as indicated in the following table:-
Years Number of banks
that failed Authorized capital
(Rs. Lakhs) Paid-up Capital
(Rs. Lakhs)
1913 12 274 35
1914 42 710 109



1915 11 56 5
1916 13 231 4
1917 9 76 25
1918 7 209 1

List of banks in India
Contents
• Public sector banks
• Private sector banks
• Foreign banks
• Regional Rural banks
Public sector banks
SBI group:
State Bank of India, with its seven associate banks command the largest banking resources in India. SBI and its associate banks are:


• State Bank of India
• State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur
• State Bank of Hyderabad
• State Bank of Indore
• State Bank of Mysore
• State Bank of Patiala
• State Bank of Saurashtra
After the amalgamation of New Bank of India with Punjab National Bank, currently there are 20 nationalised banks in India:-

• Allahabad Bank
• Andhra Bank
• Bank of Baroda
• Bank of India
• Bank of Maharashtra
• Canara Bank
• Central Bank of India
• Corporation Bank
• Dena Bank
• Indian Bank
• Indian Overseas Bank
• Oriental Bank of Commerce
• Punjab & Sind Bank
• Punjab National Bank
• Syndicate Bank
• Union Bank of India
• United Bank of India
• UCO Bank
• Vijaya Bank
• IDBI Bank


Private sector banks

• Axis Bank (formerly UTI Bank)
• Bank of Rajasthan
• Bharat Overseas Bank
• Catholic Syrian Bank
• Centurion Bank of Punjab (Merged with HDFC bank)
• City Union Bank
• Development Credit Bank
• Dhanalakshmi Bank
• Federal Bank
• Kumfu Blade Bank
• Ganesh Bank of Kurundwad
• HDFC Bank
• ICICI Bank
• IndusInd Bank
• ING Vysya Bank
• Jammu & Kashmir Bank
• Karnataka Bank Limited.
• Karur Vysya Bank
• Kotak Mahindra Bank
• Lakshmi Vilas Bank
• Lord Krishna Bank ( now Centurion Bank of Punjab)
• Nainital Bank
• Nedungadi Bank (now Punjab National Bank)
• Ratnakar Bank
• Rupee Bank
• Saraswat Bank
• SBI Commercial and International Bank
• South Indian Bank
• Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Ltd.
• Thane Janata Sahakari Bank
• Bassein Catholic Bank
• United Western Bank( now IDBI Bank)
• YES Bank
Foreign banks:-

• ABN AMRO Bank N.V.
• Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank Ltd
• American Express Bank
• Antwerp Diamond Bank
• Arab Bangladesh Bank
• Bank International Indonesia
• Bank of America
• Bank of Bahrain & Kuwait
• Bank of Ceylon
• Bank of Nova Scotia
• Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ
• Barclays Bank
• BNP Paribas
• Calyon Bank
• ChinaTrust Commercial Bank
• Cho Hung Bank
• Citibank
• DBS Bank
• Deutsche Bank
• HSBC (Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation)
• JPMorgan Chase Bank
• Krung Thai Bank
• Mashreq Bank
• Mizuho Corporate Bank
• Oman International Bank
• Société Générale
• Standard Chartered Bank
• State Bank of Mauritius
• Scotia
• Taib Bank




Regional Rural Banks


• Alaknanda Gramin Bank
• Aligarh Gramin Bank
• Andhra Pragathi Grameena Bank
• Avadh Gramin Bank
• Aryavart Gramin Bank
• Balasore Gramya Bank
• Ballia Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• Banaskantha Mehsana Gramin Bank
• Bangiya Grameen Vikash Bank
• Bareilly Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• Baroda Uttar Pradesh Gramin Bank
• Bijapur Grameena Bank
• Bilaspur-Raipur Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• Bolangir Anchalik Gramya Bank
• Bundelkhand Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• BundiChittorgarh KshetriyaGraminBank
• Cauvery Grameena Bank
• Chaitanya Godavari Grameena Bank
• Chambal Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• Champaran Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• Chhatrasal Gramin Bank
• ChhindwaraSeoniKshetriyaGraminBank
• Chitradurga Gramin Bank
• Cuttack Gramya Bank
• Damoh Panna Sagar Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• Devipatan Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• Dhenkanal Gramya Bank
• Dungarpur Banswara Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• Ellaquai Dehati Bank
• Farrukhabad Gramin Bank
• Gaur Gramin Bank
• Gurgaon Gramin Bank
• Hadoti Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• Himachal Gramin Bank
• Hissar-Sirsa Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• Indore Ujjain Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• Jaipur Nagaur Aanchalik Gramin Bank
• Jamnagar Rajkot Gramin Bank
• Jamuna Gramin Bank
• Jhabua-Dhar Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• Kakathiya Grameena Bank
• Kalpatharu Grameena Bank
• Kamraz Rural Bank
• Kanpur Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• Kapurthala Ferozpur Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• Kashi Gomti Samyut Gramin Bank
• Kisan Gramin Bank,Budaun
• Kolar Gramin Bank
• Krishna Grameena Bank
• Kshetriya Gramin Bank, Hoshangabad
• Kutch Grameen Bank
• Malaprabha Grameena Bank
• Mandla Balaghat Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• Manjira Grameena Bank
• Marwar Ganganagar Bikaner Gramin Bank (Previously : Marwar Gramin Bank)
• Mewar Aanchalik Gramin Bank
• Nagarjuna Grameena Bank
• Netravati Grameena Bank
• Nimar Kshetriya Gramin Bank
• North Malabar Gramin Bank
• Panchmahal Vadodara Gramin Bank
• Pandyan Grama Bank
• Pinakini Grameena Bank (merged to form Andhra Pragathi Grameena Bank)
• Pragjyotish Gaonlia Bank
• Prathama Bank